基于GC-MS和电子鼻的面粉中粮虫快速检测方法

储粮害虫会降低粮食及其产品的重量、品质和营养健康指数,并且我国粮虫检测方式仍然以人工检测为主。为满足储粮害虫快速检测的需求,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）获得了赤拟谷盗（Tribolium castaneum（Herbst））的主要特定挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）,根据这些化合物的性质筛选出多个金属氧化物气敏传感器,并以传感器阵列为核心开发了储粮害虫电子鼻检测装置。该装置采集了赤拟谷盗、被赤拟谷盗侵染的面粉、被长头谷盗（Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse）侵染的面粉3种实验对象的气味信息,提取每条响应曲线的相对变化值和相对积分值作为原始特征矩阵（10×2）,使用主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘回归算法（PLSR）对原始特征矩阵进行分析,并通过建立回归预测模型,实现了对面粉中赤拟谷盗和长头谷盗虫口密度的预测。优化后的传感器数量由10个减少至8个,赤拟谷盗样品的两个主成分累计的贡献率为79.4%。基于PLSR的预测模型对面粉中赤拟谷盗的数量有很好的预测效果（校正集：相关系数r=0.88,均方根误差为8.09;验证集：r=0.89,均方根误差为7.75）;该预测模型对面粉中长头谷盗的数量也有很好的预测效果（校正集：r=0.94,均方根误差为5.85;验证集：r=0.94,均方根误差为6.08）。研究结果表明：该装置能够满足判别储粮中不同虫口密度样本的基本需要,并且具有可靠的稳定性。     

棘孢木霉菌剂对黄瓜生理特性及产质量的影响

为改善黄瓜生理特性,保证其高产栽培,利用苗期和成株期盆栽试验,以无菌水为对照,分别施入10~3、10~4、10~5、10~6和10~7 cfu/g棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)菌剂,测定不同菌剂施用量后的黄瓜幼苗形态建成、生理指标、质量和产量性状。结果表明:棘孢木霉菌剂不同施用量均能有效提高幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、全株鲜重、全株干重、根冠比和壮苗指数,其中10~6 cfu/g棘孢木霉菌剂处理对黄瓜幼苗形态建成和物质积累的促进效果最好;棘孢木霉菌剂不同施用量均能改善黄瓜幼苗的生理特性,其中10~6 cfu/g棘孢木霉菌剂处理对黄瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、根系活力、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量的促进效果最好;同时,棘孢木霉菌剂不同施用量均能促进黄瓜品质和产量形成,其中10~6 cfu/g棘孢木霉菌剂处理对黄瓜品质和产量促进效果最好,黄瓜果实可溶性糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物含量和果实产量分别比CK提高了78.43%、31.55%、38.47%、8.63%和26.20%。综上,棘孢木霉菌剂通过改善黄瓜幼苗生理特性,促进幼苗生长,提高了黄瓜产量和品质性状,以10~6 cfu/g棘孢木霉菌剂应用效果最好,研究成果可为木霉菌剂的开发利用和黄瓜的优质栽培提供技术支撑。     

Argonaute蛋白在植物逆境胁迫响应中的功能

Argonaute(AGO) 蛋白是生物体中普遍存在的一类相对分子质量较大（约105）、成员数量众多的蛋白,该家族在不同物种中高度保守,由可变N 端、PAZ、MID 和PIWI等结构域组成。AGOs通过与不同的sRNA形成复合体参与植物生长发育、形态建成、细胞增殖凋亡、病毒防御、逆境响应等多种生物过程。综述了植物AGO 家族的结构特点、分类、作用模式及其生物学功能,尤其在逆境胁迫响应中的功能,分析了存在的问题,并对发展趋势进行展望,旨在为今后深入研究植物AGO功能提供理论参考。     

黄河三角洲盐碱地柳枝稷育苗栽培技术初探

为了开发利用黄河三角洲盐碱地和丰富该地区的牧草种质资源,本研究在黄河三角洲盐碱地开展了柳枝稷引种试验,对柳枝稷在该地区的育苗、田间移栽和后期管护等进行了详细阐述.结果表明,柳枝稷育苗出苗率高,苗期移栽成活率高,均达到90％以上;2年试验过程中,柳枝稷鲜草和种子产量最高分别达到7350 kg/hm2和203 kg/hm2,表明柳枝稷产量高,耐寒、耐盐碱能力较强,可在黄河三角洲盐碱地规模化种植推广.     

Salivary testosterone measurements in growing pigs: validation of an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay and its possible use as an acute stress marker

This study aimed to validate the use of an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay analyser for salivary testosterone measurements in growing pigs and study how circadian pattern during daytime and stress can influence its values. The test method had intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation lower than 10%. The method showed good linearity and recovery, and detection limits were low enough to detect salivary testosterone levels. No significant differences were observed in testosterone concentrations at different sampling time, and age and gender did not influence circadian pattern. In addition, this assay was used to quantify testosterone in two models of acute stress and, in both cases, significant increases (P < 0.01) in salivary testosterone were detected. Therefore, the automated assay system tested for porcine testosterone determinations would be suitable for its use in saliva samples and, furthermore, salivary testosterone levels could be used as a possible marker of acute stress in pigs.     

Functional characteristics of porcine peripheral T cells stimulated with IL-2 or IL-2 and PMA

In human or mouse, mature T cells express either CD4 or CD8, resulting in different functions in the periphery. Interestingly, porcine CD4 and CD8 double positive (DP) T cells are present in the blood, and their proportions change from youth to adulthood. However, the features of these cells in swine are poorly understood. We investigated the fate of porcine peripheral T cells based on their functional characteristics, including proliferation and the expression of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors. The results showed that all the populations changed their CD8 expression in a time-dependent manner and porcine T cells had different proliferative pattern from human T cells. The results further revealed that Th2 cytokines were increased later in porcine T cells compared to human T cells upon stimulation with IL-2 + PMA. Collectively, we found that the fate of porcine peripheral T cells is different from that of human T cells, and the changes occur in a time- and stimulation-dependent manner.     

肝片吸虫感染致斑纹角马死亡案例调查

首次报道了国内圈养斑纹角马肝片吸虫病确诊病例。诊断依据：（1）提示性临床症状：贫、消瘦、营养不良;（2）尸体剖检特征性病理变化：胆管显著扩张和胆管内挤排出大量肝片吸虫成虫的虫体;（3）肝片吸虫感染强度测定：运用麦克马斯特法测定了病死角马肝片吸虫感染强度为1 600个/g;（4）中间宿主调查：角马的饲养区内发现大量椎实螺,椎实螺体内含有大量的肝片吸虫尾蚴;（5）组织病理学检查：细支气管和肺泡腔内见有童虫的虫体结构。首次证实了角马肝片吸虫感染时,童虫在移行过程中可误移至肺,导致肺的病理变化。该病的发生与环境潮湿多水、环境中存在大量椎实螺而未被重视有关。肝片吸虫宿主范围广,应重视易感动物的生活环境,定期粪检确定感染率和感染强度,以及选择有效的药物防治,这是科学预防该病的关键。     

布鲁菌感染小鼠RAW264．7细胞对IRGl基因的表达调控作用

针对小鼠RAW264．7细胞IRGl基N设计4个RNA干扰靶位,筛选出最佳干扰序列构建shRNA慢病毒载体质粒并包装获得慢病毒颗粒,进而经嘌呤霉素筛选获得稳转细胞系,实现IRGl基因在RAW264．7细胞基因表达的沉默。并通过布鲁菌l6M株及M5株感染基因沉默细胞对IRGl基因在布鲁菌感染中的作用进行研究。结果表明,慢病毒介导的shRNA高效、稳定地沉默了IRGl基因的表达,布鲁菌侵染RAW264．7细胞后IRGl基因表达上调。未试验为1RG1基因及相美调控基因抗布鲁菌病作用研究奠定了基础。